高考英语定语从句复习教案
的有关信息介绍如下:用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后,这种名词(或代词)叫做先行词(antecedent)。引导定语从句的词叫关联词或引导词,它分为关系代词和关系副词。判断定语从句使用何种引导词取决于先行词在定语从句中的成分。常用的关系代词:指人who(主语) whom(宾语);指物which(主语,宾语);即可指人,也可指物,既可作主语也可作宾语 that; 表示所有格whose(定语)既可指“人的”,也可指“物的”。注意:指人时可以用who,也可以用that.但作主语时,多用主格who. 先行词在定语从句中作主语,宾语,定语,引导词要选择关系代词。例句:This is the teacher who came from sk middle school. The book which /that you read belongs to me. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.常用的关系副词:表时间when;表地点where;表原因why表方式that(可以省略)。它们分别在从句中作状语。先行词在定语从句中作状语时,引导词要用关系副词。如果表示时间,地点,原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语,应用that 或which.例句: This is the day when he went to college. This is the factory where color TV sets are made. I don’t believe the reason why he was late for school. I don’t like the way that he spoke to his mother.(其中that 相当于in which ,可以省。) He works in the factory which makes color TV sets.关系代词与关系副词可以转换When ---适当的介词+whichWhere---适当的介词+whichWhy ----for whichThat(方式)----in which介词+关系代词的结构中,可以选择的关系代词有whom(指人);which(指物);whose(指“人的”或“物的”) 此处,介词的选择可以根据从句中的谓语动词来定。例句: This is the day when/on which he went to college. This is the factory where/in which color TV sets are made. I don’t believe the reason why/for which he was late for school. This is the girl from whomI learned the news. This is the book for which I paid 5dollars. He works in a factory in whose front there is a river.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系密切。即从句是先行词不可缺少的定语。如果省去,主句的意思就不完整或不明确。特点如下:1。主从之间不用逗号。2。可以用that 引导。3。引导词作为宾语时可以省略。4。限制性定语从句一般只修饰先行词。非限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系不密切。即从句只是对先行词作附加说明,如果省去,主句意思仍然清晰完整。特点如下:1。主从之间用逗号。2。不可以用that 引导。3。引导词作宾语不可以省略,介词后的引导词也不能省略。4。非限制性定语从句可以修饰先行词,也可以修饰其前面的整个句子或句子的一部分。几点需要注意的地方:1只能用that 的地方先行词为不定代词all ,nothing, anything,等先行词有最高级,序数词等修饰时先行词即有人又有物先行词有only,very,every,no,just,right等修饰时先行词为疑问代词时2关系代词as 的用法引导限制性定语从句,常和the same, such, so ,as 连用引导非限制性定语从句,位置灵活,可以位于句首,中,尾。而which通常在句尾只能指代主句整个概念,不能指代单个先行词.(which可以指代)常用于be known (excepted, announced, reported, shown)结构中3定语从句与同位语从句的区别两者之前都有先行词,但是从句与先行词关系不同。同位语从句与先行词同位或等同;定语从句则是修饰关系。去掉先行词,同位语从句仍然意思清楚;定语从句缺少成分。同位语从句多用that引导,不充当成分,但不可以省略;定语从句中that 可以做主语或宾语。